Evolutionary theories and the philosophy of science

Philosophical theories proceeding from the history of physical-mathematical sciences are hardly applicable to analysis biosciences and evolutionary theory, in particular. This article briefly reconstructs theory beginning with its roots 19th century up ultracontemporary concepts. Our objective is outline dynamics Darwinism anti-Darwinism perspective philosophy science. We begin arguments E. Mayr against applicability T. Kuhn’s scientific revolutions biology. emphasized that Darwin’s publication Origin Species 1859 caused a genuine revolution biology, but it was not Kuhnian revolution. Darwin coined several comprising complex theoretical system. defined five most crucial these theories: evolution as such, common descent all organisms including man, gradualism, multiplication species explaining organic diversity, and, finally, natural selection. Distinguishing great significance because their destiny biology substantially differed. The acceptance one by majority community does necessarily mean others. Another argument proved two which referred First Second Darwinian Revolutions. Revolution happened already 20th himself active participant. Both followed concept period between can be no way described “normal science” terms. reconstruction support Mayr’s anti-Kuhnian arguments. Furthermore, we claim “evolution theory” interpreted terms modified research programmes Imre Lakatos, though “purity”, rather combined certain aspects Marxian-Hegelian dialectics.